King Leopold’s Ghost: A Critical Book Review Essay

At the beginning of the 18th century, Africa became a sucker of European imperialism. Prior to the said period, Africa alone served as trading get off for ensuring the flow of goods to Europe. It was also one of the chief sources of break ones backs. The Portuguese established miniscule settlements on the Cape of Good Hope and Eastern Africa. The Spaniards colonised nearly parts of Western Sahara and Morocco. During this period, much of Africa was still unkn witness to the Europeans. It was a get of mystery and barbarism (from the descriptions of Spanish and Portuguese chroniclers). From 1850 to 1870, the European powers divided Africa into several(prenominal) colonies.The British received Sudan, Egypt, South Africa, and close of central Africa. North Africa, shut out Libya (which was allocated to Italy) was given to France. Ger opusy received Tanzania, Togo, Cameroon, and Western Africa. The Spanish and Portuguese retained their possessions. At the Berlin Conference (headed by Otto von Bismarck), the European powers were surprised at Belgiums force per unit area of acquiring colonies in Africa. After a careful review of territorial arrangements, the European powers agreed to give Belgium congou. mogul Leopolds insistence on acquiring congo was essentially based on two reasons.First, match to official record, he wanted to stop the so-called Arab slave trade. The Arab slave trade had its origins in the Portuguese slave trade in the sixteenth century. The Arabs provided a signifi toleratet supply of slaves to the Portuguese. King Leopold wanted to put an residuum to this practice as it jeopardized the dignity of the Christian religion. Second, King Leopold wanted to summation his property holdings. King Leopold believed that the future and prosperity of his country depended on acquisitions in Africa. Leopold witnessed the progress Britain enjoyed after it acquired a important number of colonial possessions.The aforesaid(prenominal) thing can be said astir(predicate) France and Germ whatever. Leopold wanted to exonerate Belgium an equal partner of the some other European powers in propagating European tillage and ideology to Africa. General Summary The first chapters of the view as provided insight to the small town of Congo. total heat Stanley, a known advocate of African colonization, wrote a worldwide account of the African life. The account was full of exaggerations and promises, that is, stimulants to pressure the European powers to colonize Africa. Stanley described the Africans as submerging in the ways of barbarism and cannibalism a description that he neer saw.The deep prejudice of Stanley towards the wad of Africa can be shown in his later writings. He argued that thither is a enquire to educate and train the African community in order that they may become self-sufficient by self-sufficient, one means the right to self-govern. Stanleys belief was predominant among European scholars an element of t he so-called white mans burden hypothesis. In any case, Stanleys accounts made moving-picture show to the rulers of Europe most of which were keen to acquire more colonies for wealth and prestige.Although it is ludicrous to assume that Stanleys account was the actual ca substance abuse of European colonization of Africa, Stanleys account provided sufficient justification for the colonization of the continent. The middle chapters of the book dealt with the main opponent of the Congo government. George Washington Williams was a man of right standing worthy of the name he carried. Most of his life was prone to denouncing the evils of European imperialism in Africa. He opposed the collectivization of the Congo state as a means to increase the wealth of the power.He proposed for a general education program that will train the Congo pack to become self sufficient a satirical word Williams employ in his writings. He argued for the abolishment of forced labor a rule which he d eemed unChristian and immoral. He exposed the true nature of the human-centered motive of the king, arguing that it was merely a front to increase the kings popularity in Europe. The decease of Williams in 1891 did not end the criticisms a realizest the Congo government. Other individuals like William Sheppard and Roger Casement followed the steps of Williams.The intensity of the criticisms forced King Leopold to tell on the Congo state to Belgium. The last chapters of the book dealt with the legacy of King Leopold in Congo. His legacies are as follows 1) The establishment of tobacco and rubber plantations throughout the Congo enounce resulted to famine and forced conscription. Because much of the agri cultural come was utilize for tobacco and rubber plantations, the production of agricultural crops decreased by about 70%. Many people died from starvation and disease. Many people who laped in these plantations lost their arms, legs, and noses because most of the equipment used were unsafe.Those who failed to meet the required quota were either propel into prison or sold to wealthy prop upowners. Children, women, and the elderly were required to work for about 16 hours a day worse than the factory constitution in Europe 2) King Leopold destroyed the cultural life of the people of Congo. The royal governors neglected and even repressed cultural practices in an assay to inculcate Western values to the Congo people. Of course, such effort failed. It was unsufferable to inculcate Western values because the Congo people saw it as the driving force of oppression.In any case, the royal governors succeeded in destroying the cultural life of the Congo people by increased brutality only by brutality would people lost faith on their own way of living. The Kings Ghost The brutality of the Congo State was first and foremost the reflection of the kings image. In private, he expressed his deepest prejudice to the Africans which in his view were nothing but order Primates and sources of labor. Yes, he disgruntled slavery, so long as it does not botheration the Europeans. The white mans burden was essentially based on prejudicial benignity.The king only possessed prejudicial qualities and never philanthropy a very concept which he himself despised. In any case, his death did not signal the end of oppression in Congo. The oppression go along until Congos independence from Belgium in 1960 the year in which European imperialism in Africa ended or supposed to have ended. The Kings Property It was Stanleys description of the Arab slave trade which made significant impression to King Leopold. From the official records, Leopold argued that the only barrier to prosperity in central Africa was the Arab slave trade a phenomenon that must be stopped.However, King Leopold wanted Congo for the following reasons 1) Leopold saw Congo as a source of wealth and income. Upon acquiring Congo, Leopold proceeded to institute repressive administration task ed to call forth wealth from the country. Ivory, minerals, and other precious objects were acquired by forced labor. Populations were collectivized in order for the system to be more efficient and cost in effect(p). When Henry Stanley became governor of the Congo State, he instituted policies that further the suffering of the Congo people. tobacco plant was planted instead of traditional crops in a significant bundle of Congos agricultural lands. Congos tobacco would be sold to Europe at a considerable price. The effect there was widespread famine in Congo 2) King Leopold wanted to spend a penny his reputation as a philanthropist in the eyes of the European powers. Leopold initially doubted this approach, arguing that it was generally deviant from the methods used by other European powers. Stanley advised him that such approach was the most appropriate. He would gain fame and more importantly an important economic base in Africa.His posterior motive of becoming a philanthropist was somehow facilitated by his eradication of the Arab slave trade in Congo which in actuality, he replaced by forced labor. A Picture of Congo The followers of Williams painted a general picture of Congo. According to them, Congo was 1) A land of prospect where the people can be exploited and robbed of their possessions. For the Europeans, the most priced asset of a colony was its inhabitants. Forcing inhabitants to work for about 16 hours a day was anguish for the Europeans. It demanded more creative means of persuading people to increase their quotas2) A land of desolation where famine and disease were everywhere. The syllabus of European imperialism called for the introduction of skill and care for to alleviate peoples sufferings. The Congo State did the opposite. Instead of allotting food and medicine to the poor, it used its official coercive powers to destroy life, property, and liberty 3) A land of primates whose pop offs tittered with mud and suffering. A group of pr imates (Africans) for Leopold would never equal a poor Belgian. From King Leopolds view, the efficacy of effective colonial rule rested on the laurels of brutality.If the colonized people were primitive, then it was the work of the colonizer to further the suffering of the people. The hand of the primate, remarked Leopold was worth more than the mind of a European gazer (but never his personality). oddment Hochschilds picture of Congo is accurate in three respects. First, most of the accounts used were directly derived from personal accounts of former slaves, plantation workers, and prisoners. Although it is possible that the accounts office be a little exaggerated, the flow of theme is generally in unity. Two things are certain.First, King Leopold acquired the Congo State for his personal use (increase his wealth and prestige). Second, his policies led to increased suffering to the Congo people. In any case, one cannot deny the fact that the ravages of European imperialism were a lso present in other parts of Africa. Only in Congo were the ravages greatly manifested itself in the policies and directives of the royal governors. This is not a proclaimed hypothesis this is fact a reality that every individual must know.BibliographyHochschild, Adam. King Leopolds Ghost. in the altogether York Macmillan Publishing Company, 1998.